Title: Physeo Anki Decks / 05 - Microbiology / 02 - Bacteria / Section 01 - Clostridium tetani
Tags: - 1 Bacteria:: Clostridium Microbiology:: Physeo Section Tetani Tetanivvv

Q: Tetanus toxin travels to the [anterior or posterior horn] of the spinal cord
A: anterior horn
Extra: Horns = Toxin travels to anterior horn

Q: Tetanospasmin can cause [...] hands
A: clenched
Extra: Clenched hands

Q: Acute infections of Clostridium tetani are treated with [...]
A: human tetanus immune globulin
Extra: Y-shaped immunoglobulins = Human tetanus immune globulin

Q: The tetanus toxin travels through the [sensory or motor neuron] to the [anterior or posterior horn] of the spinal cord
A: motor neuron; anterior horn

Q: From the motor neuron the tetanus toxin travels to the [which type of neuron], also known as a [which cell]
A: interneuron; Renshaw cell

Q: Inside the renshaw cell are vesicles that contain [which neurotransmitter] and [which neurotransmitter]
A: GABA; glycine
Extra: GABA and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters

Q: The SNARE proteins are responsible for the release of  [which 2 neurotransmitters] into the synapse, where they act to [stimulat or inhibit] the motor neuron
A: GABA and glycine; inhibit

Q: Tetanospasmin cleaves [which proteins] inside the interneuron, preventing the release of GABA and glycine
A: SNARE proteins

Q: Tetanospasmin causes [increased or decreased] muscle tone due to the [increased or decreased] release of GABA and glycine
A: increased; decreased
Extra: SNARE proteins cleaved = Less neurotransmitters released

Q: Clostridium tetani infection can be prevented with the [...]
A: tenanus vaccine
Extra: Syringe in hand = Tetanus vaccine

Q: Tetanospasmin inhibits the release of [which neurotransmitter] and glycine
A: GABA
Extra: Gabe's coffin = GABA inhibited

Q: Tetanospasmin inhibits the release of GABA and [which neurotransmitter]
A: glycine
Extra: Gliding Gabe = Glycine inhibited

Q: Tetanospasmin acts on [which cells] to inhibit neurotransmitter release
A: renshaw cells (interneurons)
Extra: Saw = Renshaw cells

Q: Tetanospasmin cleaves [...] in the renshaw cell (interneuron)
A: SNARE proteins
Extra: Monster snared to the ground = Toxin cleaves SNARE proteins

Q: [classic historical finding] may precede clinical symptoms
A: Rusty nail punctures
Extra: Rusty nails on robe = Rusty nail puncture may symptoms

Q: Clostridium tetani is an example of a [gram positive or negative] bacillus (rod)
A: gram positive
Extra: Purple background = Gram positive

Q: Clostridium tenani causes a characteristic arched back appearance due to spasms of the [which spinal muscles]
A: spinal extensor muscles
Extra: Arched back = Spasms of the spinal extensor muscles

Q: Clostridium tentani produces an [which type of toxin] called tetanospasmin, which produces continuous muscle contractions
A: exotoxin
Extra: Green gas = Produces exotoxin (tetanospasmin)

Q: [What medication] can be used to reduce muscle spasms
A: Diazepam
Extra: Dice = Diazepam reduces muscle spasms

Q: Clostridium tetani is a [spore or nonspore forming] bacteria
A: spore-forming
Extra: Snails with hard shells = Spore-forming

Q: Clostridium tetani is an [obligate aerobe or anaerobe]
A: obligate anaerobe
Extra: Mask = Obligate anaerobe

Q: Clostridium tetani infection causes [what facial symptom]
A: lockjaw
Extra: Missing jaw near lock of coffin = Lockjaw

Q: Clostridium tetani infection can cause [...], which produces an eerie grin
A: risus sardonicus
Extra: Eerie grin = Risus sardonicus

Q: Clostridium tetani infection is associated with [...] and [...]
A: unhygienic deliveries; umbilical cord care
Extra: Belly ring with dirty rope = Associated with unhygienic deliveries and umbilical cord care