Title: Biostatistics / Section 1 - Biostatistics Overview
Tags: 1-- Biostatistics Biostatistics:: Overview Physeo Section

Q: What is the mean?
A: The average

Q: What is the median?
A: The middle number

Q: What is the mode?
A: The most common number

Q: The [...] is very resistant to outliers and always the peak of the graph.
A: mode

Q: What is always the peak of the graph?
A: Mode

Q: For normally distributed data, what is the mean, median, and mode?
A: Normal distribution: mean = median = mode

What is a negative skew?

Q: What is the mean, median, and mode for data is that is negatively skewed?
A: Mean < median < mode

Q: Negative skew means that more data is on the [...].
A: left
Extra: Mean, median, and mode from left to right, meaning that mean < median < mode

Q: What is most resistant to outliers?
A: Mode

Q: What is a positive skew?
A: An abnormal distribution of data in which more data falls heavily on the right side, or more positive side of the graph.

Q: For positively skewed data, what is the mean, median, and mode?
A: mode < median <mean

Q: A positive skew means that more data is on the [...] = "mean, median, and mode" from [...] to [...].
A: right; right; left

Q: ID A-C. Is this data positively or negatively skewed OR normally distributed?
A: A = mode
B = median
C = mean
POSITIVE SKEW = more data on the right side of the curve = "mean, median, mode" FROM RIGHT TO LEFT

Q: Is this data positively or negatively skewed OR normally distributed? What is the mean, median, and mode?
A: Normally distributed
mean = median = mode

Q: ID A-C. Is this data positively or negatively skewed OR normally distributed?
A: A = mode (always the peak of the graph)
B = median
C = mean
Negative skew = more data on the left (negative side) = "mean, median, mode" FROM LEFT TO RIGHT

Q: What does the standard deviation measure?
A: Variability (of measurements) compared to the mean within a study set

Q: What does a higher standard deviation indicate?
A: High standard deviation = higher variability and dispersion (measurements are more distant from the mean)

Q: For normally distributed data, [...] of measurements lie within 1 standard deviation of the mean.
A: 68%
Q: For normally distributed data, [...] of measurements lie OUTSIDE 1 standard deviation of the mean, meaning [...] of measurements fall below and above the mean.
A: 32%; 16%
Q: For normally distributed data, [...] of measurements lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
A: 95%
Q: For normally distributed data, [...] of measurements lie OUTSIDE 2 standard deviations of the mean, meaning [...] of measurements fall below and above the mean.
A: 5%; 2.5%
Q: For normally distributed data, [...] of measurements lie within 3 standard deviations of the mean.
A: 99%
Q: For normally distributed data, [...] of measurements lie OUTSIDE 3 standard deviations of the mean, meaning [...] of measurements fall below and above the mean.
A: 1%; 0.5%

What is the standard error of mean (SEM)?

Q: How is standard error of the mean (SEM) calculated?
A: n = number of measurements

How does an INCREASE in sample size affect SEM and variability between sample and population mean?

Q: How does a DECREASE in sample size affect SEM and variability between sample and population mean?
A: (results more dispersed/farther away from the mean)

What is a z-score?