Title: Physeo Anatomy / 01 Cardiovascular Anatomy / Section 1 - Arteries of the Upper Body
Tags: - 1 Anatomy:: Anatomy::01 Arteries Body Physeo Section Upper cardiovascular of the

Q: What are the 3 arteries that branch off the aortic arch?
A: 1) Brachiocephalic artery
2) Common cartoid arteries
3) Left subclavian artery

Q: The brachiocephalic artery branches into the [...]artery & the [...] artery.
A: right common carotid; right subclavian
Q: The left subclavian artery branches into the [...] artery and [...] artery.
A: vertebral; internal thoracic
Q: The [...] artery sends blood to the brain.
A: vertebral
Q: The vertebral arteries converge to become the [...] artery.
A: basilar

Q: What is subclavian steal syndrome?
A: One of the subclavian arteries is stenosed proximal to its vertebral artery branch. The other subclavian artery is NOT narrowed and still well perfused. Consequently, blood will flow from the normal subclavian artery into its vertebral branch, but instead of supplying the brain, this vertebral branch will send blood to the stenosed contralateral (opposite) subclavian artery via its poorly perfused vertebral branch.
SUMMARY:

Q: The internal thoracic arteries give rise to the [...] arteries.
A: anterior intercostal
Q: The posterior intercostal arteries arise from the [...].
A: descending thoracic aorta

Q: What is aortic coarctation and what does it cause?
A: 1) Aortic coarctation = narrowing of the descending aorta (after branches to the upper extremities but BEFORE branches to the LOWER extremities/trunk)
2) RESULTS IN:
PATHOLOGY TIE IN: aortic coarctation is associated with Turner's syndrome (XO)

The internal cartoid arteries go to the brain, while the external carotid arteries supply the face, nose, and neck.
Q: The [...] artery is the main branch of the external carotid artery.
A: maxillary
Q: The [...] artery is a branch of the maxillary artery and is involved in [...] hematomas.
A: middle meningeal; epidural
Q: The [...] artery is often involved in nose bleeds (epistaxis), especially of the [...] nose.
A: maxillary; medial

Q: The subclavian artery branches into the [...] artery, which becomes the [...] artery after passing beyond the lower margin of the [...] muscle.
A: axillary; brachial; teres major
Comment: The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral margin of rib 1.
Q: The brachial artery travels over the [...]. The [...] nerve travels with it.
A: anterior elbow; median
Q: A distal humerus facture can damage the [...] artery and [...] nerve.
A: brachial; median
Comment 3: These two structures run together along the anterior elbow. This is very HIGH YIELD.
Q: The brachial artery gives rise to the [...] artery at the [...] of the [...]
A: deep brachial; midshaft; humerus.
Comment 4: The deep brachial artery is a branch off the brachial artery. The brachial artery continues to travel along the humerus after giving off this branch.

Q: The [...] nerve travels with the [...] artery along the [...] of the humerus.
A: radial; deep brachial; midshaft
Q: A [...] fracture of the humerus can damage the [...] artery and [...] nerve.
A: midshaft; deep brachial; radial
Comment 2: This is also high yield. STEP1 LOVES to test with nerves + arteries run together and how they can be injured. KNOW THIS.
Q: "Brake before you hit the [...], or you will be in [...] red blood."
A: median; deep
Comment 3: Brake = brachial artery + median nerve
deep = deep brachial artery + red = radial nerve
Q: In the forearm, the [...] artery branches into the [...] artery and [...] artery.
A: brachial; ulnar; radial
Q: The ulnar artery runs along the [...], staying [...] to the body.
A: ulna; medial
Q: The radial artery runs along the [...], staying [...] to the body.
A: radius; lateral
Q: The [...] artery arises from the [...] artery in the hand, supplying the [...] bone.
A: dorsal scaphoid; radial; scaphoid
Q: Falling on an [...] hand often fractures the [...] bone.
A: outstretched; scaphoid

Q: What is a serious complication that can result from falling on an outstretched hand?
A: Proximal scaphoid bone necrosis

Q: What is structure A? What does it supply?
A: A = internal carotid artery: supplies brain

Q: ID the structures labeled B. Where do these structures arise from?
A: B = common carotid arteries: arise from the aortic arch

Q: ID structure C. What are the 3 regions supplied by this artery, and what is its main branch?
A: C = external carotid artery--main branch = maxillary artery, which supplies the face, nose, and neck

Q: ID structure E. Where does it arise from?
A: E = brachiocephalic artery--aortic arch

Q: Which structure is involved in nose bleeds & epidural hematomas? What branches are specifically involved in these 2 pathologies?
A: C = external carotid arteries
Maxillary branch = nose bleeds, especially of the medial nose
Middle meningeal artery branch = epidural hematomas

Q: ID structure D. Where does it arise from? What pathology is it associated with?
A: D = subclavian arteries
Right subclavian is from the brachiocephalic artery (aortic arch branch)
Left subclavian arises directly from the aortic arch.
SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME.

Q: ID structures F & G.
A: F = vertebral artery
G = internal thoracic artery

Q: Which structure(s) are involved in aortic coarctation and what do they cause? Where do they arise from?
A: H = posterior and anterior intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries arise from the descending aorta.
Anterior intercostal arteries arise from the internal thoracic artery (which is ultimately from the left subclavian).
Cause rib notching in aortic coarctation.

Q: ID structures I & J. What artery branches off of structure J?
A: I = vertebral artery
J = axillary artery
The brachial artery branches off of the axillary artery (after the inferior border of teres major)

Q: ID the structure(s) that can be injured in a fracture of the DISTAL humerus.
A: M = median nerve
K = brachial artery (from axillary artery)

Q: ID the structures that can be injured in a fracture of the MIDSHAFT of the humerus.
A: L = radial nerve
N = deep brachial artery

Q: Which structure represents the deep brachial artery? Where does this artery arise from?
A: N = deep brachial artery--arises from the brachial artery (K)

Q: ID structures O-Q.
A: O = ulnar artery
P = radial artery
Q = dorsal scaphoid branch of the radial artery

Q: ID the structure injured in a fall on an oustretched hand. What can this cause? What artery is it a branch of?
A: Q = dorsal scaphoid artery--brach of radial artery (from the brachial artery)
Fall on outstretch hand = scaphoid bone necrosis